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Timber was plentiful in the wooded mountains of the Hindu Kushvovered by Himalayan cedar trees. The culture of the Pathans in...read more

Timber was plentiful in the wooded mountains of the Hindu Kushvovered by Himalayan cedar trees. The culture of the Pathans in the upper Swat Valley was, until a few years ago, decidedly a 'culture of wood: mosques, houses and boxes, coffers, beds and everything, including the smallest spoon, was produced in wood. The most favoured timber was Himalayan cedar, because of its resilience, strength and its pleasant smell. Other commonly used woods are evergreen oak and walnut. Unlike their counterparts in neighbouring cultures the woodworkers in Swat valley, as in Nuristan, occupied a respectable middle position as craftsmen in the hierarchical Pathan society. Most of the skilled woodworkers and carvers are full-time craftsmen. According to Lühe, a specific division of labour has also developed. While coarse work (beams, boards, doors, etc.) were done by one group a second group specialised in turning the legs of beds, tables and chairs and the production of wooden vessels. A third group did the carving. Many of the motifs used in Swat Valley wood carving are derived from symbols whose roots can probably be traced back to prehistoric times. Two main reasons led to the disappearance of the "wood-culture". First the deforestation and second the fact that mountain villages moved down close to the tared main roads where the houses were built in concrete. Kalt reports that in 1988 they were no more skilled carvers in the villages he visited. All of Swat valley items have been bought during my two trips to the Swat valley in 2000 and 2003.

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